INTRODUCTION:

The demand for cosmetics has increased as a result of the cost growth in living standards worldwide. Because more individuals want to seem young and handsome, cosmetics have become more important. The term "cosmeceuticals" describes the union of the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Pharmaceutical firms make medications, whereas cosmetics companies make cosmetics.

Cosmeceuticals are skincare products that blend medications and cosmetics. One type of cosmetic product with a high concentration of active ingredients in its formula is a serum, which gives the deeper layers of the skin intense nourishment and a non-greasy, skin-suitable finish. Herbal cosmetics are products for hair, skin, and beauty that use components derived from plants. Herbs, essential oils, and natural extracts that are thought to have medicinal properties are the main focus. The term "herbal cosmetics" refers to the use of natural herbs and their products in cosmetic preparation.

The mechanism underlying hair development is dynamic and intricately controlled, however it remains incompletely understood. The production, elongation, and eventual shedding of hair shafts are all part of this cyclical mechanism. Follicles in the anagen, catagen, and telogen phases typically make up human hair. The hair shaft develops readily and the hair follicle aggressively collects cytochrome throughout the anagen phase. Neonatal hair shaft development is not possible for telogen hair follicles after they mature into anagen hair follicles.^1,2,3

Highlights:

· The styling substance known as hair serum is applied to the hair's surface.

· It is essentially a liquid hair care product with a thicker consistency than water.

· Hair style is not the only use for hair serum. They are also used to address a variety of hair issues, such as unruly, dry, and dull hair.^[1,4]

Advantages

· Your hair can be efficiently softened, smoothed, and made silky with hair serum.

· It also shields the hair from environmental damage.

· Hair serum's strong moisturizing properties protect hair from heat or environmental damage while adding a natural sheen.

· Serums are known to moisturize and seal in moisture, making hair feel smoother and seeming healthier.

· This also makes hair less brittle and healthier.

· The anti-frizz qualities of hair serum also contribute to its increased smoothness.

2. Benefits of Using Hair Serum:

1)Multi Purpose:

A hair serum addresses multiple hair problems rather than simply one. It is referred to as a one-stop shop for all of your hair problems for a reason. A terrible hair day can be turned into a nice one using hair serum. Your hair will feel and look different after just a few drops.

“

2) Protects Hair:

Hair strands are coated in a coating of hair serum. As a result, it provides great protection from heat, sunlight, dust, and pollutants. It shields your hair from harm.

3) Gives Shine to the Hair:

Your hair seems bright and lustrous because the layer created by hair serum serves as a light reflector. Amino acids included in hair serums shield chemically treated and colored hair.

4) Prevents Hair fall From Breakage:

Due to the stress and strain required to detangle our hair, we often lose a lot of hair strands when it gets tangled. For such hair, hair serum serves as a lubricant and facilitates detangling. And reduced hair loss is the outcome.

5) Best for Dry Hair:

For people with dry and frizzy hair, hair serums are most beneficial. Hair serums keep hair hydrated and give it a glossy, smooth finish.

6) Nourishes Hair and Makes Them Manageable:

Hair serum helps to manage them and follicular fissures are filled by hair serums, which revitalize damaged and brittle hair. Hair serum helps to control hair, which further facilitates styling Patience, time, and effort. It’s all saved.⁵

3. Hair Serum Types

Herbal hair serums come in a wide variety, each of which is a blood supply to the scalp and is made to address certain hair problems and preferences. Common types of herbal hair serums include of the following.^[5]

1.A moisturizing serum 6.Repairing serum

2.Growth-promoting serum 7.Soothing serum

3.Boosting serum 8.Shine serum

4.Anti-dandruff serum 9.Smoothing serum

5.Color-protecting serum 10.Heat-protective serum

4. Applications of herbal hair serum ^[6]

5. Limitations of Herbal Hair Serum

Efficiency:

The efficacy of herbal hair serums can vary depending on individual hair types and problems. While some people may experience improvements in their hair condition, others

may not observe any changes as all.

Allergy response:

Certain individuals may nevertheless be allergic to or sensitive to specific botanical extracts or essential oils utilized in the serum's formulation, even though herbal substances are usually thought to be harmless. Before a new product is widely utilized, patch testing is an essential part of its development process.

Inadequate Scientific Evidence:

The effectiveness of many herbal constituents in serums may not be well supported by scientific research, despite the fact that they have been used traditionally for hair care. Certain manufacturer claims might not have strong scientific backing.

Temporary results:

The short-term benefits of herbal hair serums may include increased manageability, softness, or shine; however, these benefits may vanish as soon as the treatment is removed. Long-term benefits, such as encouraging hair growth, may necessitate consistent, ongoing use.

Cost:

The perceived worth of natural components and potential increased production costs associated with obtaining and processing herbal extracts may make herbal hair serums more expensive than traditional hair care products.

Conformity to other products:

Herbal hair serums might not mix well with some shampoos, conditioners, or chemical hair treatments, among other hair care products. Incompatible product combinations may be less effective or cause unfavorable effects.

Availability and dependability:

The seasonal or regional nature of some herbal substances used in hair serums may cause differences in product availability or composition. As a result, consumers may find it challenging to consistently buy their preferred products again.

6. MATERIALS:

Botanical name: Aegle marmelos

Family: rutaceae

Synonym: Bael, Bilva, Bela, Bili, Bel,

Shirphal, Golden Apple, Indian Quince, Bengal Quince.

Biological source: a medium-sized deciduous tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

Chemical constituents: alkaloids like aegeline and marmeline, flavonoids, phenolics, and coumarins.

Uses: Antioxidant, antimicrobial

Fig 1: Bael Patra

2.Hibiscus leaves:^11,12

Botanical name: Hibiscus rosa –sinesis

Synonyms: Rose mallow leaves, China rose leaves,

Even jasmica sorrel leaves.

Biological source: Hibiscus leaves are biologically

sourced from the Hibiscus genus, particularly species

like Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Chemical constituent: alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids,

phenols, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, reducing sugars.

Uses: Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant.

Fig:2. Hibiscus leaaves

3.Reetha:^13,14,15

Botanical name: Sapindus mukorossi

Family: Sapindaceae

Synonym: Ritha, Aritha, Indian soapberry,

soapnut, washnut, soapberry

Biological source: It is obtained from the dried fruit

Of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus trifoliatus.

Chemical constituents: Saponins like oleanane,

dammarane, triterpenes, etc.

Uses: Surfactant, anti-inflammatory, fungicidal, etc.

Fig: 3. Reetha

4.Hibiscus: ¹⁶

Botanical name: Hibiscus Rosa sinensis

Family: Malvaceae

Synonym: Hibiscus, Hibiscus mutabilis, Roselle.

Biological source: It is obtained from the petals

Of flower of Hibiscus Rosa sinensis.

Chemical constituents: Vit. A, C, amino acids,

Alpha hydroxyl acids, etc.

Uses: Hair growth stimulator, anti-dandruff,

Colouring agents.

Fig:4. Hibiscus

5.Fenugreek:^17,18,19

Botanical name: Trigonella foenum- graceum

Family: Leguminosae

Synonym: Methi, Methika, Alholva, Chandrika.

Biological Source: It is obtained from the dried

Seeds to Trigonella foenum- graecum.

Chemical constituents: Vitamin B, alkaloids,

flavonoids, saponins, etc

Uses: Hair growth stimulant, antibacterial.

Fig:5. Fenugreek

6.Orange Peel: ^20,21

Botanical name: Citrus sinensis

Family: Rutaceae

Synonym: Orange or sweet orange

Biological source: It is obtained from the

orange peel which is dried or fresh outer part of

the pericarp of ripe or nearly ripe fruits of citrus sinensis.

Chemical constituents: limonene, (S)-linalool,

pectin, octanal, decanal, essential alcohols, etc.

Uses: Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory.

Fig:6. Orange Peel

7.Flaxseeds:^22,23,24

Botanical name: Linum usitatissimum

Family: Linaceae

Synonym: Linseed, flaxseed

Biological source: It consists of the dried

fully ripe seeds of Linum usitatissimum Linn.

Chemical constituents: alpha-linoleic acid

(ALA), omega-3 fatty acid, lignans, etc

Uses: Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidants, hair

growth stimulator, gelling agent.

Fig:7. Flaxseeds

8.Castor Oil: ²⁵

Botanical name: Ricinus communis

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Synonym: Ricinus oil.

Biological source: Castor oil is the fixed oil

obtained by the cold expression of the seeds of

Ricinus communis.

Chemical constituents: 80% riconeleic acid,

Fatty acids such as isoricinoleic, linoleic, stearic

and isosteric acids.

Uses: Hair growth stimulator, anti-dandruff, antiinflammatory, provides required nourishment to hair root.

Fig:8. Castor Oil

9.Vitamin E:²⁶

Synonym: (+)-α-Tocopherol; D-α-Tocopherol

Chemical constituents:

It is composed by tocopherols and tocotrienols,

Uses: Anti-oxidant agent, prevents premature hair greying.

Fig:9. Vitamin E

10. Jasmine Oil: ²⁷

Botanical name: Jasminum officinale

Family: Oleaceae

Synonym: Mogara, Arabian jasmine, Sambac

jasmine, poet's jasmine

Biological source: the genus Jasminum, are

shrubs or vines in the olive family (Oleaceae)

and are native to tropical and subtropical regions

of Eurasia, Africa, and Australasia.

Chemical constituents: a complex blend of

volatile compounds, including benzyl acetate,

linalool, benzyl alcohol.

Uses: Perfuming Agent

Fig:10. Jasmine Oil

11. Sodium Benzoate:²⁸

IUPAC name: Na+(C₆H₅COOH)

Chemical Formula: C7H₅NaO₂

Synonyms: Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt, Benzoate of Soda, And E211.

Uses: Preservative

7. Authentication and Collection:

Extract of Reetha²⁹

1. The dried Reetha fruit (Sapindus mukorossi) was gatheredat the Sawantwadi Ayurvedic Pharmacy.

2. Then, a mortar and pestle were used to smash the fruit.

3. From the dried fruit, the seeds were separated.

4. Next, using a magnetic stirrer, the powdered pericarp was kept for six hours straight in order to extract the ethanol.

5. Filter paper was then used to filter the final extract.

6. Following that, the resultant solution was kept and utilized once again to make herbal hair serum.

Extract of Bael Patra³⁰

1. Gather fresh leaves for Bael Patra.

2. Use purified water to properly wash the leaves in order to get rid of any dirt.

3. The active ingredients are extracted by drying the

leaves, grinding them into a fine powder, and then using an appropriate solvent (such as water or ethanol). To get rid of any solids,

4. filter the extract.

Extract of hibiscus leaves³¹

1. In a boiling water bath, 20 g of the dried and crushed Hibiscus subdariffa leaves are heated for one hour in 250 mL of deionized water to create the extract.

2. Following filtering, the extract's water was removed inan oven set at a regulated temperature of 50 to 60 degrees

3. Celsius, producing a reddish-brown crystalline precipitate (3.92 g).

4. We indicated the AEHSL concentration as w/v.

8. Evaluation Of Herbal Hair Serum

1.Physical appearance:

The prepared herbal serum's physical attributes, color, and texture were evaluated.

2. PH:

The digital pH meter dipper was used to perform the pH testing. It was dipped into the serum formulation sample, and the pH was noted. Since the skin has an acidic pH of about, the formulation's optimal pH is acidic.

3. Viscosity:

On a Brookfield viscometer (RVDV-II+PRO), spindle number six was used to measure the viscosity. After adding 50 ml of hair serum to the beaker, the viscosity was measured at 10, 20, 50, and 100 rpm.

4. Spreadability:

The spreadability of semisolid preparations was evaluated and assessed using a parallel plate method, which is commonly used for this purpose. Two 20 x 20 cm horizontal plates, each weighing 125 g, were sandwiched with one gram of hair serum. It took one minute to measure the spread diameter. Spreadability was computed using the formula below:

M × L / T = S

In this case, S stands for spreadability, M for weight in the pan (attached to the upper slide), L for length traveled by the glass slide, and T for time (measured in seconds) needed to fully separate the slides.

5. Stability:

The herbal hair serum that was made was stored in a tightly sealed jar at room temperature for a week. The pH and viscosity were measured one week later and contrasted with the initial readings.

6. Microbial contamination: Cup Plate and Pour Plate Method:

An antimicrobial experiment is conducted using nutrient agar medium. Following the recommended method, nutrient agar was made and autoclaved for 45 minutes at 121°C. At 37°C to 38°C, the sterilized medium was left to cool. The nutrient agar solution was put onto plates and let to solidify. Following solidification, the subculture's microbes were introduced into the nutrient agar medium. After hitting the petri plate's surface medium, sub-cultured bacteria were added and allowed to incubate. Later, each plate had four wells drawn with a borer to receive the commercial reference standard, individual formulation, polyherbal formulation, and herbal extract. These were put into it right away, and it was incubated for 24 hours at 37°C to allow the bacteria to develop and the test and reference samples to permeate through. Zone meters were used to measure and record the incubation.

7. Homogeneity Test:

A cover glass was sealed after the hair serum was applied on a dry and clean object glass. Investigated was the appearance in the presence of certain coarse particles and homogeneity. Visual inspection was used to check for homogeneity and to look for any lumps, flocculates, or aggregates in the herbal hair serum.

8. Wash ability:

A small amount of serum was applied on hand and wash with Tapped water.

9. Sensitivity test:

Apply to the skin, after 10 minutes, no rashes or irritation were seen.^32,33

9. Procedure for Herbal Serum:

Procedure for preparation of 25ml of Herbal hair serum is divided into four parts:

Solution: 1

1. Put 50ml of distilled water and 5g of flaxseeds in a beaker, then heat it.

2. Keep heating until a transparent, somewhat viscous gel forms.

3. Sift the gel through a cotton cloth.

4. Add 1ml of cold-pressed castor oil and 1 pill of vitamin E (Evion 400mg) to the resulting gel.

5. Use a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to mix the solution.

6. Next, gradually incorporate reetha extract until a uniform mixture is achieved.

Solution 2

1. Put 1g of dried fenugreek seeds and 20ml of distilled water in a beaker. Bring the mixture to a boil for five minutes

2. Keep the liquid at room temperature after filtering it and adding around 5g of orange peel powder.

3. To ensure that there are no lumps in the solution, you should also add distilled water.

Solution: 3

1. Add 40ml of water and 2g of hibiscus powder in a beaker.

2. Heat the mixture until the desired color is achieved.

3. Store the solution after filtering it.

Solution: 4

1. 1 Combine solutions 1 and 2 in a beaker while stirring constantly with a stirrer.

2. Next, solution 3 dropwise additions of solution until the desired color is achieved, and keep stirring with a glass rod.

3. Using a magnetic stirrer, add 1 gram of Aegle marmelos extract and 1 gram of hibiscus leaf extract.

4. To this mixture, add 1 ml of sodium benzoate, which serves as a preservative, and 1 or drops of jasmine oil, which gives out a fragrance.

5. Use a magnetic stirrer for 15 minutes to mix the solution.

6. Serum should be kept in a well closed container.

10. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

1. Physical appearance:

The produced herbal hair serum was visually examined for appear, color, and feel. No one of the foreign particles were present. Pale brownish to pale reddish in color, the finish was translucent and applied smoothly and cleanly.

2. PH:

The prepared herbal serum was found to have a pH of 7, which is appropriate for formulation.

3. Spreadability:

Spreadability are good and Easily Spreadable.

4. Stability:

There was no discernible change in pH before and after the investigation, and the created formulation did not exhibit any physical instability during the research period. Room temperature did not affect the formulation's stability.

5. Microbial contamination:

After three days, the anti-microbial activity of the prepared herbal hair serum was observed and was founds to be about 1-2cm around the well prepared.

6. Homogeneity Test:

The hair serum was placed to a dry, clean object glass, and then a cover glass was sealed. Both homogeneity and appearance in the presence of specific coarse particles were examined. To verify homogeneity and search for any lumps, flocculates, or aggregates in the herbal hair serum, visual inspection was employed.

7. Wash ability:

After applying a small amount of serum to the hand, it was easily removed off.

8. Sensitivity test:

Application to the skin and note that no rashes or irritation appear after ten minutes.

Fig 15: PH Determination

Fig 16: Viscosity

Fig 17: Final serum

Parameters	Results
Physical Appearance	Brownish- red translucent solution
Homogeneity	Good
pH	7
Viscosity (cps)	50 rpm 11.40±0.012	100 rpm 14.10±0.025
Spreadability	Good
Skin irritation	No
Washability	Good
Stability	Good

11. CONCLUSION:

The herbal hair serum was effectively created and assessed through a process of trial and error. According to the research study and results, the herbal hair serum that is manufactured provides a range of essential nutrients that are essential for maintaining healthy hair and scalp conditions. Natural ingredients that support hair growth and upkeep are included. Preventing premature greying of hair is the main way that the antioxidant qualities of herbal ingredients like vitamin E, hibiscus powder, orange peel powder, bael patra and hibiscus leaves work.

Fenugreek, flaxseeds, and castor oil are all powerful hair growth promoters. In this situation, hibiscus powder can also be used as a coloring agent. The components are safe in comparison to synthetic chemicals. These days, people are quite interested in the herbal industry. The herbal industry has a bright future because of its potency, efficacy, and expanding application in cosmetics.

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Received on 05.05.2025 Revised on 06.06.2025

Accepted on 26.06.2025 Published on 08.07.2025

Available online from July 12, 2025

Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2025; 15(3):247-255.

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2025.00038

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Creative Commons License.

Sr. No.	Ingredients	Qty (%)	Property
1.	Aegle marmelos (extract)	6	Antimicrobial
2.	Hibiscus rosa-sinesis (extract)	6	Anti-inflammatory
3.	Sapindus-mukorossi (extract)	q. s	Surfactant
4.	Hibiscus rosa sinensis (powder)	10	Anti-dandruff, Colouring agents
5.	Trigonella foenum-graceum (seed)	6	Hair growth stimulant
6.	Citrus sinensis (Powder)	29	Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory.
7.	Linum usitatissimum (seed)	29	Gelling Agent, anti-inflammatory
8.	Ricinus communis (oil)	2	Hair growth stimulator, nourishment to hair root.
9.	Vitamin E	4	Anti-oxidant
10.	Jasminum officinale (oil)	4	Perfuming agent
11.	Sodium Benzoate	4	Preservative
12.	Distilled water	q. s	Vehicle